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Baader, Franz Xaver von - German philosopher, born at Munich, 1765; died 23 May, 1841.
Baal, Baalim - A word which belongs to the oldest stock of the Semite vocabulary and primarily means "lord", "owner".
Baalbek - Town in Syria; also called Heliopolis.
Babel - The word is derived from the Babylonian bab-ilu, meaning "gate of God".
Babenstuber, Ludwig - German philosopher and theologian; vice-chancellor of the University of Salzburg; born 1660 at Teining in Bavaria; died 5 April, 1726, at the Benedictine monastery of Ettal.
Babinet, Jacques - French physicist. (1794-1872)
Babylas, Saint - Bishop of Antioch, martyr in the Decian persecution, died in prison.
Babylon (Title) - The curial title of a Latin archbishopric, also of a Chaldean patriarchate, and of a Syrian archbishopric.
Babylonia - Includes geography, history, and biblical references.
Baccanceld - This meeting was rather a witenagemot, or Parliament, than an ecclesiastical synod, presided over by Wihtred, King of Kent.
Bacchylus - Bishop of Corinth.
Bachelot, Alexis John Augustine - Prefect Apostolic of the Sandwich Islands. (1796-1837)
Bachiarius - An early fifth-century writer, known only through two treatises which warrant the conjecture that he was a monk, possibly an abbot, and a Spaniard.
Bachmann, Paul - Catholic theological controversialist, born at Chemnitz, Saxony, about 1466.
Backer, Augustin de - Bibliographer, born at Antwerp, Belgium, 18 July, 1809; died at Liège, 1 December, 1873.
Backx, Peter Hubert Evermode - Ordained priest 17 March, 1832, considered the second founder of the Norbertine Abbey of Tongerloo.
Bacon, David William - First Bishop of Portland, Maine. (1813-1874)
Bacon, John - An English Carmelite and theologian, born towards the end of the thirteenth century.
Bacon, Nathaniel - Better know under the assumed name of Southwell, a Jesuit priest and bibliographer, b. in the county of Norfolk, England, in 1598; d. at Rome, 2 Dec., 1676.
Baconian System of Philosophy, The - Essay takes a look at this system and its relation to theology and the beliefs of the Catholic church.
Badajoz - The Latin name Pax, or Civitas Pacensis, was given to this district because it was thought to be the Pax Julia or Pax Augusta of the Romans.
Baden - The Grand Duchy of Baden is situated in the southwestern part of the German Empire.
Badia, Tommaso - Cardinal, author, papal legate, born at Modena, 1483; died at Rome, 6 September, 1547.
Badin, Stephen Theodore - Pioneer missionary priest of Kentucky. (1768-1853)
Badius, Raphael - A Florentine Dominican of the seventeenth century.
Baegert, John Jacob - Missionary and ethnographer. (1717-1777)
Baert, François - Bollandist, born at Ypres, 25 August, 1651; died at Antwerp, 27 October, 1719.
Baeumer, Suitbert - Historian of the Breviary and one of the most scholarly patrologists of the nineteenth century.
Bagamoyo - Vicariate apostolic in German East Africa, separated by a pontifical Decree of 11 May, 1906, from the Vicariate Apostolic of Northern Zanzibar.
Bagdad - Founded on the Tigris by the second Abbaside Caliph Abou Giafar al Mansur (762 or 764) and named by him Medinet es-Selam, or City of Salvation.
Bageis - A titular see of Lydia in Asia Minor.
Baglioni, Giovanni, Cavaliere - Known as the "Deaf Man of the Barozzo", a painter of distinction, b. in Rome, 1571; d. there 1644.
Bagnorea - A diocese situated in the district of Viterbo, Italy, and immediately subject to the Holy See.
Bagot, Jean - Theologian, born at Rennes, in France, 9 July, 1591, died at Paris, 23 August, 1664.
Bagshaw, Christopher - Convert, priest, prisoner for the Faith, and a prominent figure in the controversies between Catholic priests and the reign of Elizabeth.
Bahama Islands, The - The most northerly group of the West Indies.
Bailey, Thomas - Controversialist, died c. 1657.
Baillargeon, Charles François - A French-Canadian bishop. (1798-1870)
Baillet, Adrien - French author. (1649-1706)
Bailloquet, Pierre - French missionary to Canadian Indians. (1612-1692)
Baily, Thomas - A Catholic clergyman, b. in Yorkshire, England; d. at Douai, France, 7 October, 1591.
Bainbridge, Christopher - Archbishop of York, and Cardinal. (1464-1514)
Baines, Peter Augustine - Titular Bishop of Siga. (1787-1843)
Baines, Ralph - Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry, England, b. at Knowsthorp, Yorks, date of birth uncertain; d. 18 November, 1559.
Baini, Abbate Giuseppe - Composer, born in Rome, 21 October, 1775; died there 21 May, 1844.
Baithen of Iona, Saint - Irish monk, immediate successor of St. Columba as abbot of Iona. Baithen died sometime between 598 and 600.
Baius, Michel - Theologian and author of a system known as Baianism. (1513-1589)
Baker, Charles - Real name David Henry Lewis. Biography of the convert to Catholicism, who was martyred in 1679.
Baker City, Diocese of - Comprises Wasco, Klamath, Lake, Sherman, Gilliam, Wheeler, Morrow, Grant, Union, Crook, Umatilla, Wallowa, Baker, Harney, and Malheur counties in the State of Oregon, U.S.A.
Baker, David Augustine - Benedictine mystic and ascetic writer. (1575-1641)
Baker, Francis Asbury - American priest and convert. (1820-1865)
Bakócz, Thomas - Cardinal and statesman, b. about 1442, in the village of Erdoed, county Szatmar, Northeastern Hungary; d. 15 June, 1521.
Balaam - The derivation of the name is uncertain. Dr. Neubauer would connect it with the god Ammo or Ammi, as though Balaam belonged to a people whose god or lord was Ammo or Ammi.
Balanaea - A titular see of Syria.
Balbina, Saint - There are at least two saints of this name venerated at Rome.
Balbinus, Boleslaus - A Jesuit historian of Bohemia. (1621-1688)
Balboa, Vasco Nuñez de - Explorer, discoverer of the Pacific Ocean from the west coast of Central America. (1475-1517)
Balbuena, Bernardo de - A Spanish poet, born in Val de Peñas, 1568; died in Porto Rico, 1627.
Balbus, Hieronymus - Humanist, poet, diplomatist, and Bishop of Gurk in Carinthia, b. about 1450 at Venice; d. there, probably 1535.
Baldachium of the Altar - A dome-like canopy in wood, stone, or metal, erected over the high altar of larger churches, generally supported on four columns, though sometimes suspended by chains from the roof.
Balde, Jacob - A German poet. (1604-1668)
Balderic - Bishop of Dol, in France, chronicler, b. about 1050; d. 7 January, 1130.
Balderic (Baudry) - A monk of Liège, a writer and teacher of the twelfth century, b. date unknown, at Florennes in Belgium; d. about 1157.
Baldi, Bernardino - An Italian poet and savant, b. at Urbino, 5 June, 1553; d. at the same place, 10 October, 1617.
Baldovinetti, Alesso - A notable Florentine painter, b. in Florence, 14 October, 1427; d. there, 29 August, 1499.
Baldred, Saint - Two saints of this name have the same feast day. One was a Celt; the other, and Englishman.
Baldung, Hans - Known as Grien or Grun, from his fondness for brilliant green, both in his own costume and in his pictures, a vigorous and distinguished painter, engraver, and draughtsman on wood, b. at Gmund, Swabia, about 1476; d. at Strasburg, 1545.
Baldwin - Archbishop of Trier and Elector of the Holy Roman Empire, born 1285; died 1354.
Baldwin, Francis - Jurist. (1520-1573)
Baldwin of Canterbury - Thirty-ninth Archbishop, a native of Exeter, date of birth unknown; d. 19 Nov., 1190.
Balearic Isles - A group in the western part of the Mediterranean belonging to Spain and consisting of four larger islands, Majorca, Minorca, Iviza, and Formentera, and eleven smaller islands of rocky formation.
Ball, Mother Frances Mary Teresa - Born in Dublin 9 January, 1794; died 19 May, 1861; foundress of the Irish Branch of the Institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
Ballarat - One of the three suffragan dioceses of the ecclesiastical province of Melbourne, Australia.
Ballerini, Antonio - Jesuit theologian. (1805-1881)
Ballerini, Girolamo and Pietro - Celebrated theologians and canonists, the sons of a distinguished surgeon of Verona.
Balme, Henry - A Franciscan theologian, born at Genera, date uncertain; d. 23 February, 1439.
Balmes, Jaime Luciano - Philosopher and publicist, b. at Vich, Spain, 28 August, 1810; d. there, 9 July, 1848.
Balsam - Balsam is an oily, resinous, and odorous substance, which flows spontaneously or by incision from certain plants, and which the Church mixes with olive oil for use as chrism.
Balsamon, Theodore - A canonist of the Greek Church, born in the second half of the twelfth century at Constantinople; died there, after 1195.
Baltasar - The Greek and Latin name for Belshazzar, which is the Hebrew equivalent for Belsarrausur, i.e., "May Bel protect the king".
Baltimore, Archdiocese of - History includes colonial and American periods.
Baltimore, Plenary Councils of - Provides details of three councils held in 1852, 1866, and 1884.
Baltimore, Provincial Councils of - These councils have a unique importance for the Church in the United States, inasmuch as the earlier ones legislated for practically the whole territory of the Republic, and furnished moreover a norm for all the later provincial councils of the country.
Baltus, Jean François - Theologian, born at Metz, 8 June, 1667; died at Reims, 9 March, 1743.
Balue, Jean - A French cardinal, b. probably c. 1421, in Poitou; d. 5 October, 1491, at Ripatransone.
Baluze, Etienne - French scholar and historian. (1630-1718)
Bamberg - Includes history and statistics for the Archdiocese of Bamberg, in the kingdom of Bavaria.
Banaias - The name of several men mentioned in the Bible.
Bancel, Louis - Born at Valence, 1628; died at Avignon, 1685.
Bandello, Matteo - Writer, born at Castelnuovo di Scrivia in Piedmont, Italy, in 1480; died Bishop of Agen, France, in 1565.
Banduri, Anselmo - Archaeologist and numismatologist. (1671-1743)
Bañez, Domingo - Detailed article on the Spanish Dominican theologian.
Bangor - Diocese; anciently known as Bangor Vawr, situated in Carnarvonshire on the Menai Straits.
Bangor Abbey - The name of two famous monastic establishments in Ireland and England.
Bangor, Antiphonary of - The codex, found by Muratori in the Ambrosian Library at Milan.
Banim, John and Michael - Brothers and writers from Kilkenny, Ireland.
Banjaluka - The Diocese of Banjaluka in Western Bosnia.
Bankruptcy, Civil Aspect of - Earlier English terms, bankruptship, bankrupture.
Bankruptcy, Moral Aspect of - Bankruptcy must be considered not only from the legal but also from the moral point of view; for sound morality prescribes that debts must be paid.
Banns of Marriage - In general the ecclesiastical announcement of the names of persons contemplating marriage.
Bapst, John - Jesuit missionary and educator. (1815-1887)
Baptism - One of the Seven Sacraments of the Christian Church; frequently called the "first sacrament", the "door of the sacraments", and the "door of the Church".
Baptismal Font - A basin or vase, serving as a receptacle for baptismal water in which the candidate for baptism is immersed, or over which he is washed, in the ceremony of Christian initiation.
Baptismal Vows - The name popularly given to the renunciations required of an adult candidate for baptism just before the sacrament is conferred.
Baptista Mantuanus, Blessed - Carmelite, Renaissance poet, d. 1516.
Baptista Varani, Blessed - Poor Clare and ascetical writer. She died in 1527.
Baptistery - The separate building in which the Sacrament of Baptism was once solemnly administered, or that portion of the church-edifice later set apart for the same purpose.
Baptistines - I. Hermits of St. John the Baptist. II. Missionaries of St. John the Baptist. III. Sisterhood of St. John the Baptist.
Baptists - A Protestant denomination which exists chiefly in English speaking countries and owes its name to its characteristic doctrine and practice regarding baptism.
Bar Hebræus - A Jacobite Syrian bishop, philosopher, poet, grammarian, physician, Biblical commentator, historian, and theologian. (1226-1286)
Barac - The deliverer of the Israelites from the power of the Chanaanites under the judgeship of Debbora.
Baradæus, Jacob - A Syrian Monophysite bishop, born in Tella, towards the end of the fifth or the beginning of the sixth century, died in 578.
Baraga, Frederic - First Bishop of Marquette, Michigan, U.S.A. (1797-1868)
Barat, Nicolas - A French Orientalist, born at Bourges during the first quarter of the seventeenth century; died in 1706 at Paris.
Barba, Alvaro Alonzo - A secular priest and writer.
Barbalissos - A titular see of Mesopotamia.
Barbara, Saint - Legendary virgin and martyr, first mentioned in the early seventh century. Alleged to have died in the third or fourth century, but date is uncertain and place of martyrdom varies.
Barbarigo, Giovanni Francesco - Italian Cardinal, nephew of Blessed Gregorio Barbarigo (1625-97), born in 1658 at Venice; died in 1730.
Barbastro - Suffragan diocese of the Spanish province of Huesca.
Barbelin, Felix-Joseph - Styled the "apostle of Philadelphia", b. at Luneville, Province of Alsace, France, 30 May, 1808; d. in Philadelphia, 8 June, 1869.
Barber Family, The - Daniel Barber, soldier of the Revolution, Episcopalian minister and convert. (1756-1834) Virgil Horace Barber, son of Daniel. (1782-1847)
Barbieri, Giovanni - A famous painter of religious subjects. (1591-1666)
Barbosa, Agostino - A noted canonist, b. at Guimaraens, Portugal, in 1589; consecrated in Rome, 22 March, 1649, Bishop of Ugento in Otranto, Italy, died seven months later.
Barbosa-Machado, Ignacio - A Portuguese historian, born at Lisbon in 1686; died in 1734.
Barbour, John - Scottish ecclesiastic and author of "The Bruce", a historical poem in the early Scottish or Northern English dialect, b. about 1320; d. 1395.
Barbus, Paulus - Italian philosopher and theologian, died at Cremona, 4 August, 1494.
Barca - A titular see of Cyrenaica in Northern Africa.
Barcelona - One of the suffragan dioceses of the Archdiocese of Tarragona.
Barcelona, University of - An outgrowth of the ecclesiastical schools founded in the eleventh century.
Barcena, Alonzo de - A Jesuit, native of Bacza in Andalusia, Spain. (1528-1598)
Barclay, John - Author of the political novel "Argenis" and other Latin works in prose and verse. (1582-1621)
Barclay, William - Scottish jurist, b. 1546; d. at Angers, France, 3 July, 1608.
Barco Centenera, Martin del - A secular priest, in 1572 accompanied as chaplain, the expedition of Juan Ortiz de Zárate to the Rio de La Plata.
Barcos, Martin de - French theologian of the Jansenist School. (1600-1678)
Bard, Henry - An English soldier and diplomat, b. 1604; d. 1660.
Bardesanes and Bardesanites - Syrian Gnostic or, more correctly, a Syrian poet, astrologist, and philosopher, d. 222, at Edessa.
Bari - An archdiocese situated in the province of the same name, in Apulia, Southern Italy.
Barjesus - False prophet mentioned in the New Testament.
Bar-Kepha, Moses - Jacobite bishop and writer. (813-903)
Barlaam and Josaphat - Main characters of a seventh-century Christian legend. Barlaam, a hermit, converted the prince Josaphat to Christianity, despite the efforts of Josaphat's father Abenner to prevent such a thing. Although Barlaam and Josaphat are included in the Roman Martyrology and in the Greek calendar, the story is actually a Christianized version of a legend about Buddha.
Barletta, Gabriel - Sometimes called Barlete, De Barolo, or Barolus.
Barlings, Abbey of - Founded in 1154 in honour of Our Lady by Ralph de Haye who had given some lands to the Abbot of Newhouse.
Barlow, William Rudesind - Third son of Sir Alexander Barlow of Barlow Hall, date of birth uncertain; d. at Douai, 19 Sept., 1656.
Barnabas of Terni - Friar Minor and missionary, d. 1474 or 1477.
Barnabas, Saint - Originally Joseph, styled an Apostle in Holy Scripture, and, like St. Paul, ranked by the Church with the Twelve, though not one of them.
Barnabas, The Epistle of - Contains no clue to its author nor to those for whom it was intended.
Barnabites - The popular name of a religious order which is canonically known by the title, given to it by Pope Paul III in 1535, of Regular Clerics of St. Paul.
Baroccio, Federigo - Italian painter and engraver. (1528-1612)
Barocco Style - A debased application to architecture of Renaissance features.
Baron, Bonaventura - Irish Franciscan theologian, philosopher, and writer of Latin prose and verse. (1610-1696)
Baron, Vincent - Dominican theologian and preacher. (1604-1674)
Baronius, Venerable Cesare - Cardinal and ecclesiastical historian. (1538-1607)
Barquisimeto - Diocese in Venezuela, South America.
Barradas, Sebastião - A Portuguese exegete and preacher, born at Lisbon in 1543; died at Coimbra in 1615.
Barral, Louis-Mathias, Count de - Archbishop of Tours, France, born 26 April, 1746, at Grenoble; died 7 June, 1816, at Paris.
Barrande, Joachim - French palæontologist. (1799-1883)
Barrasa, Jacinto - Born at Lima, Peru, early in the seventeenth century; died there, 22 Nov., 1704.
Barre, Antoine-Lefebvre, Sieur de la - Tenth French Governor-General of Canada, b. at Paris in 1622; d. in 1690.
Barreira, Balthasar - A Portuguese Jesuit missionary, born at Lisbon, 1531; died 1612.
Barrientos, Lopez de - Spanish Dominican bishop, patriot, and diplomat. (1382-1469)
Barron, Edward - Irish missionary. (1801-1854)
Barros, João de - Historian, b. in Portugal, 1496; d. 20 October, 1570.
Barrow, John - Priest, descended from a family of stanch Catholic yeomen. (1735-1811)
Barrow, William, Venerable - An English Jesuit martyr, born in Lancashire, in 1609, died 30 June, 1679.
Barruel, Augustin - Controversialist and publicist, born at Villeneuve de Berg (Ardeche); 2 October, 1741; died at Paris, 5 October, 1820.
Barry, John - U.S. Navy Captain. (1745-1803)
Barry, John - Second Bishop of Savannah. (1799-1859)
Barry, Patrick - Horticulturist. (1816-1890)
Barry, Paul de - A member of the Society of Jesus, born at Leucate in 1587; died at Avignon, 28 July, 1661.
Barthel, Johann Caspar - A German canonist. (1697-1771)
Barthélemy, Jean-Jacques - French numismatologist and writer, b. at Cassis (Provence), 1716; d. in Paris, 1795.
Bartholi, Francesco della Rossa - Friar Minor and chronicler, died c. 1372.
Bartholomaeus Anglicus - Thirteenth-century Franciscan encyclopedist.
Bartholomew - Also called Bartholomaeus Parvus (the Little), born at Bologna, year not known; died 15 August, 1333.
Bartholomew of Braga, Venerable - Born at Verdela, near Lisbon, May, 1514; died at Viana, 16 July, 1590.
Bartholomew of Braganca - Born about 1200; died 1 July, 1271.
Bartholomew of Brescia - Italian canonist, b. probably in the second half of the twelfth century at Brescia; d. 1258.
Bartholomew of Edessa - Syrian apologist and polemical writer.
Bartholomew of Lucca - Historian, b. about 1227 at Lucca; d. about 1327.
Bartholomew of Pisa - Friar Minor and chronicler.
Bartholomew of San Concordio - Canonist, and man of letters, b. at San Concordia, near Pisa about 1260; d. at Pisa, 11 June, 1347.
Bartholomew, Saint - Mentioned in the lists of apostles in the Synoptic Gospels and in Acts, thought to be identical with Nathaniel (mentioned only in the Gospel of John).
Bartholomites - The name given to Armenian monks who sought refuge in Italy after the invasion of their country by the Sultan of Egypt in 1296.
Bartoli, Daniello - Historian and littérateur, born at Ferrara, 12 February, 1608; died in Rome, 12 January, 1685.
Bartolocci, Giulio - A Cistercian monk and learned Hebrew scholar, b. at Celleno in the old kingdom of Naples, 1 April, 1613; d. at Rome, 19 October, 1687.
Bartolommeo, Fra - Italian Dominican painter (1475-1517)
Bartolozzi, Francesco - An engraver, etcher, and painter, b. at Florence, 1727; d. at Lisbon, 1815.
Barton, Elizabeth - Born probably in 1506; executed at Tyburn, 20 April, 1534; called the "Nun of Kent".
Baruch - The disciple of Jeremiah, and the traditional author of the deuto-canonical book, which bears his name.
Barzynski, Vincent - Polish-American priest (1838-1899)
Basil, Liturgy of Saint - Several Oriental liturgies, or at least several anaphoras, have been attributed to the great St. Basil, Bishop of Cæsarea in Cappadocia from 370 to 379.
Basil of Amasea - Bishop and Martyr.
Basil of Seleucia - Bishop and ecclesiastical writer, date of birth uncertain; d., probably, between 458 and 460.
Basil, Rule of Saint - St. Basil drew up his Rule for the members of the monastery he founded about 356 on the banks of the Iris in Cappadocia.
Basil the Great, Saint - Biographical article on the Bishop of Caesarea, who is one of the Cappadocian Fathers, Doctor of the Church, and brother of St. Gregory of Nyssa.
Basilians - Priests of the Community of St. Basil.
Basilica - The term can indicate either the architectural style of a church, or its canonical status.
Basilides - The earliest of the Alexandrian Gnostics, a native of Alexandria and flourished under the Emperors Adrian and Antoninus Pius, about 120-140.
Basilides - Martyrs bearing this name are mentioned in the old martyrologies on three different days, namely, on 10, 12, and 28 June.
Basilinopolis - A titular see of Asia Minor.
Basilissa - Several saints of this name appear in martyrologies. Next to nothing is known about any of them except place of martyrdom, and sometimes the names of their spouses or companions in martyrdom.
Basins, Ecclesiastical Use of - Extensively used in the Jewish Ritual and were in early use in Christian churches for ablutions and to receive lamp-drippings.
Basle, Council of - Convoked by Pope Martin V in 1431, closed at Lausanne in 1449.
Basle-Lugano - Composed of the two Dioceses of Basle and Lugano which are united only by having a bishop in common.
Bas-relief - A sculpture executed upon and attached to a flat surface.
Bassein - The birthplace of St. Gonsalo Garcia, the only Indian saint, who was a companion of St. Philip de las Casas, the first native of America to be canonized.
Bassett, Joshua - Convert and controversialist, Master of Sidney Sussex College, born about 1641, at Lynn Regis, where his father was a merchant; died in London, in 1720.
Bassi, Matthew of - Founder of the Capuchins. (1495-1552)
Bassianus - Bishop of Ephesus (444-448).
Bastiat, Claude-Frédéric - A French economist, b. at Mugron, a small city in the Department of Landes, 29 June, 1801; d. at Rome, 24 December, 1850.
Baston, Guillaume-André-Réné - A French theologian, b. at Rouen, 29 November, 1741; d. at Saint-Laurent, 26 September, 1825.
Basutoland - A mountainous district of South Africa, bounded on the north and west by the Orange River Colony, on the easy by Natal, and on the south by Cape Colony.
Batavia - Vicariate Apostolic of Batavia.
Bath Abbey - The first religious house in Bath was a monastery of nuns founded by King Osric, A.D. 676.
Bath and Wells - Ancient diocese coextensive with the county of Somerset, England.
Bathe, William - Irishman, Jesuit, wrote educational books on music and language. He died in 1614.
Bathilde, Saint - A runaway slave who became the wife of King Clovis II. Upon widowhood, she founded monasteries and proved herself a capable regent. She died in 680.
Bathurst - Diocese situated in New South Wales, Australia, in the ecclesiastical Province of Sydney.
Battaglini, Marco - A historian of the councils, b. at Rimini, Italy, 25 March, 1645; d. at Cesena, 19 September, 1717.
Batteux, Charles - Abbé and writer on philosophy and aesthetics, b. near Vouziers, France, 6 May, 1713; d. at Paris, 14 July, 1780.
Battista, Giovanni Giuda Giona - Original name, Jehuda Jona Ben-Isaac.
Battle Abbey - Founded by William the Conqueror on the site of the Battle of Senlae or Hastings (1066).
Bauberger, Wilhelm - German physician, novelist, and poet, b. at Thannhausen in Swabian Bavaria, 3 March, 1809; d. at the same place, 8 February, 1883.
Baudeau, Nicolas - Regular Canon and economist, b. at Amboise, France, 25 April, 1730; d. in 1792.
Baudouin, Michel - Italian missionary born 1692. Entered the Society of Jesus in France at the age of twenty-one, arrived in Louisiana in 1728.
Baumgartner, Alexander - Swiss poet and writer. (1841-1910)
Baumgartner, Gallus Jacob - A Swiss statesman, b. 18 October, 1797, at Altstätten, Switzerland; d. 12 July, 1869, at St. Gallen.
Baunard, Louis - Educator, b. at Bellgarde (Loiret), France, in 1828.
Bauny, Etienne - Theologian, b. in 1564 at Mouzon, Ardennes, France; d. 3 December, 1649, at Saint Pol de Léon.
Bausset, Louis-François de - A French cardinal, writers, and statesman. (1748-1824)
Bautain, Louis-Eugène-Marie - Philosopher and theologian. (1796-1867)
Bautista, Fray Juan - Franciscan, who taught theology and metaphysics at the convent of St. Francis of Mexico.
Bavaria, The Kingdom of - Named after the German tribe called Boiarii.
Bawden, William - An English Jesuit, born at Cornwall, 1563; died at St.-Omer, 28 September, 1632.
Bayer, Adèle - Eldest daughter of Andrew Parmentier, b. in Belgium, 4 July, 1814, and d. in Brooklyn, New York, 22 January, 1892.
Bayeu y Subias, Francisco - Born at Saragossa, 9 March, 1734; died Madrid, 4 August, 1795, a distinguished religious and historical painter.
Bayeux - Coextensive with the Department of Calvados, is suffragan to the Archbishopric of Rouen.
Bayley, James Roosevelt - First Bishop of Newark, New Jersey, U.S.A.; eighth Archbishop of Baltimore, Maryland. (1814-1877)
Bayma, Joseph - Jesuit mathematician and scientist. (1816-1892)
Bayonne - Diocese comprising the Department of Basses-Pyrenees.
Baysio, Guido de - An Italian canonist, b. about the middle of the thirteenth century of a noble Ghibelline family; d. at Avignon, 10 August, 1313.
Bazin, John Stephen - Third Bishop of Vincennes (now the Diocese of Indianapolis). (1796-1848)
Beads, Use of, at Prayers - Essay on chaplets, rosaries, prayer ropes, prayer cords. Brief treatment of the use of beads in prayer by non-Christians.
Beards - Among the Jews, as among most Oriental peoples, the beard was especially cherished as a symbol of virility; to cut off another man's beard was an outrage.
Beardsley, Aubrey - Biography of the daring English illustrator.
Beatific Vision - The immediate knowledge of God which the angelic spirits and the souls of the just enjoy in Heaven.
Beatification and Canonization - According to some writers the origin in the Catholic Church is to be traced back to the ancient pagan apotheosis.
Beatitudes, Mount of - Name given to the place where the "Sermon on the Mount", was delivered.
Beatitudes, The Eight - The solemn blessings which mark the opening of the Sermon on the Mount.
Beaton, David - Cardinal, Archbishop of St. Andrews, b. 1494; d. 29 May, 1546.
Beaton, James - Scottish Archbishop. (1473-1539)
Beaton, James - Archbishop of Glasgow. (1517-1603)
Beatrix - Brief biographies of seven saints or beatae named Beatrix or Beatrice. One of them, Beatrix da Silva, has since been canonized.
Beaufort, Lady Margaret - Countess of Richmond and Derby, b. 1441; d. 1509, daughter and heiress of John Beaufort, first Duke of Somerset.
Beaulieu Abbey - A Cistercian house in Hampshire, one of the three monasteries founded by King John (c. 1204) and peopled by thirty monks from Cîteaux.
Beaune, Renaud de - A French Bishop, b. in 1527, at Tours; d. 1606 in Paris.
Beauregard, Jean-Nicolas - French pulpit orator. (1733-1794)
Beauregard, Pierre Gustave Toutant - Soldier, b. near New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.A., 28 May, 1818; d. there 20 February, 1893.
Beauvais - A suffragan diocese of the archiepiscopal See of Reims.
Beauvais, Gilles-François-de - Jesuit writer and preacher, born at Mans, France, 7 July, 1693; died probably at Paris about 1773.
Beauvais, Jean-Baptiste-Charles-Marie de - A French bishop, b. at Cherbourg, 17 October, 1731; d. at Paris, 4 April, 1790.
Bebian, Roch-Amboise-Auguste - Sent to France, committed to the care of his godfather, the Abbé Sicard, the well-known educator of the deaf and dumb.
Bec, Abbey of - The Benedictine Abbey of Bec, or Le Bec, in Normandy, was founded in the earlier part of the eleventh century by Herluin, a Norman knight who about 1031 left the court of Count Gilbert of Brionne to devote himself to a life of religion.
Becan, Martin - Controversialist, born at Hilvarenbeck, Brabant, Holland, 6 January, 1563; died at Vienna, 24 January, 1624.
Beccaria, Giovanni Battista - Physicist. (1716-1781)
Beccus, John - Patriarch of Constantinople in the second half of the thirteenth century, one of the few Greek ecclesiastics who were sincerely in favour of reunion with the Church of Rome.
Beckedorff, George Philipp Ludolf von - Studied theology at Jena, then medicine at Göttingen, obtained the degree of doctor in 1799.
Becker, Thomas Andrew - Sixth Bishop of Savannah, Georgia, U.S.A.
Beckx, Pierre-Jean - Twenty-second General of the Society of Jesus, born at Sichem, Belgium, 8 February, 1795; died at Rome, 4 March, 1887.
Becquerel, Antoine-César - French physicist, b. at Chatillon-sur-Loing (Loiret), 7 March, 1788; d. at Paris, 18 January, 1878.
Bedard, Pierre - French-Canadian lawyer and member of the Assembly of Lower Canada, b. at Charlesbourg near Quebec, 13 November, 1762; d. at Three Rivers, 26 April 1829.
Bede - The old English word bede (Anglo-Saxon bed) means a prayer, though the derivative form, gebed, was more common in this sense in Anglo-Saxon literature.
Bede, The Venerable - Benedictine monk, priest, historian, Doctor of the Church, d. 735.
Bedford, Gunning S. - Medical writer and teacher. (1806-1870)
Bedford, Henry - Writer and educator. (1816-1903)
Bedingfeld, Frances - Superioress of the English Institute of Mary. (1616-1704)
Bedingfeld, Henry, Sir - Knight; b. 1509; d. 1583.
Bedini, Cajetan - Italian Cardinal and diplomat. (1806-1864)
Bedlam - A London hospital originally intended for the poor suffering from any ailment and for such as might have no other lodging, hence its name, Bethlehem, in Hebrew, the "house of bread."
Beelen, Ian Theodor - Exegete and Orientalist. (1807-1884)
Beelphegor - The Moabite divinity who ruled over Phogor.
Beelzebub - Provides an Old and a New Testament definition.
Begnudelli-Basso, Francesco Antonio - A canonist who lived at the end of the seventeenth century.
Beguines & Beghards - As early as the commencement of the twelfth century there were women in the Netherlands who lived alone, and without taking vows devoted themselves to prayer and good works.
Behaim, Albert von - Known also as Albertus Bohemus.
Behaim, Martin - A German cartographer and navigator. (1459-1507)
Beirut - In Phoenicia, a titular Latin see, and the residential see of several prelates of Oriental rites.
Beja - Diocese in Portugal, suffragan of Evora.
Belasyse, John - Born about 1614; died 1689, a loyal Catholic English nobleman, second son of Thomas first Lord Fauconberg. His mother was Barbara, daughter of Sir Henry Cholmondeley of Roxby, Yorkshire.
Belchiam, Venerable Thomas - A Franciscan martyr in the reign of Henry VIII, date of birth uncertain; d. 3 August 1537.
Belem do Pará, Archdiocese of - In South America, formerly (after 4 March, 1719) a suffragan diocese of Bahia (San Salvador), but raised to metropolitan rank 3 May, 1906.
Belfry - The upper part of the tower or steeple of a church, for the reception of the bells; or a detached tower containing bells, as the campanile of the Italians.
Belgium - Information on the history, education, and cemeteries of the country.
Belgrade and Smederevo - Titular (united) sees of Servia.
Belgrado, Giacopo - Italian Jesuit and natural philosopher. (1704-1789)
Belial - Found frequently as a personal name in the Vulgate and various English translations of the Bible, is commonly used as a synonym of Satan, or the personification of evil.
Belief - That state of the mind by which it assents to propositions, not by reason of their intrinsic evidence, but because of authority.
Belin, Albert (Jean) - French prelate and writer, b. in Besançon early in the seventeenth century; d. 29 April, 1677.
Bell, Arthur, Venerable - Friar Minor and English martyr. (1590-1643)
Bellamy, Jerome - A sympathizer with Mary Queen of Scots.
Bellarini, John - Barnabite theologian, b. at Castelnuovo, Italy, in 1552; d. at Milan, 27 August, 1630.
Bellasius, Edward - Serjeant-at-Law, b. 14 October, 1800; d. 24 January, 1873.
Bellecius, Aloysius - Jesuit ascetic author, born at Freiburg im Breisgau, 15 February, 1704; died at Augsburg, 27 April, 1757.
Bellenden, John - A Scotch poet, b. at Haddington or Berwick in the latter part of the fifteenth century; d. at Rome, c. 1587.
Belleville - Diocese comprising part of southern Illinois.
Belley - Coextensive with the civil department of Ain and a suffragan of the Archbishopric of Besançon.
Bellings, Sir Richard - Irish historian, b. near Dublin early in the seventeenth century; d. in 1677.
Bellini - Giacomo (Jacopo) Bellini, father of Gentile and Giovanni Bellini. Teacher of his sons who were the chief founders of the Venetian school of painting.
Belloy, Jean-Baptiste de - Cardinal-Archbishop of Paris. (1709-1808)
Bells - Article covers origin, benediction, uses, archaeology and inscriptions, and points of law.
Belluno-Feltre - Anciently called Bellunum, the metropolis of the province of that name in Venetia, Italy, is situated on a hill between the torrent of Ardo and the River Piave.
Belmont, François Vachon de - Fifth superior of the Sulpicians at Montreal, b. at Grenoble, France, 1645; d. 1732.
Belsunce de Castelmoron, Henri François Xavier de - Bishop of Marseilles. (1671-1755)
Belzoni, Giambattista - An Egyptian explorer, b. at Padua, Italy, in 1778. d. Gato, Africa, 3 Dec., 1823.
Bembo, Pietro - Italian scholar and Cardinal, b. of a noble family at Venice, 20 May, 1470; d. at Rome, 18 January, 1547.
Benadir - Prefecture Apostolic in Africa.
Benard, Laurent - Chief founder of the Maurist Congregation of the Benedictine Order, b. at Nevers, 1573; d. at Paris, 1620.
Benavides, Fray Alonzo - Archbishop of Goa in the Portuguese Indies.
Benda - A titular see of Albania.
Benedict Biscop, Saint - Anglo-Saxon, monastic founder, d. 690.
Benedict I, Pope - A Roman and the son of Boniface, and was called Bonosus by the Greeks.
Benedict II, Pope Saint - A Roman, he was pope for a little less than eleven months, and died in 685. Account of his pontificate.
Benedict III, Pope - Date of birth unknown; d. 17 April, 858.
Benedict IV, Pope - A Roman and the son of Mammalus, became pope in the first half of 900.
Benedict IX, Pope - The nephew of his two immediate predecessors.
Benedict Joseph Labre, Saint - Frenchman, longed to be a monk but spent the last thirteen years of his life as a pilgrim. He died in 1783.
Benedict Levita - Benedict Levita (of Mainz), or Benedict the Deacon, is the name given to himself by the author of a forged collection of capitularies which appeared in the ninth century.
Benedict of Aniane, Saint - St. Benedict was a Goth, served in the Frankish court, then became a Benedictine monk. His monastery of Aniane was the model for monastic reform in France and the Empire. He died in 821.
Benedict of Nursia, Saint - Long article on the founder of Western monasticism, and on his Rule.
Benedict of Peterborough - Abbot and writer, place and date of birth unknown; d. 1193.
Benedict of San Philadelphio, Saint - Also known as Benedict the Moor. Born in Italy to Christian slaves from Ethiopia, St. Benedict joined an association of hermits, and when that was dissolved, became a Franciscan Recollect.
Benedict, Rule of Saint - Lengthy article on the text of the Rule and its composition, some analysis, and practical application.
Benedict V, Pope - Date of birth unknown; died 4 July, 965.
Benedict VI, Pope - Benedict, Cardinal-Deacon of St. Theodore, a Roman and the son of Hildebrand, was elected as the successor of John XIII.
Benedict VII, Pope - Date of birth unknown; d. c. October, 983.
Benedict VIII, Pope - The first of the Tusculan popes. Date of birth unknown; d. 9 April, 1024.
Benedict X - The bearer of this name was an antipope in the days of Nicholas II, 1056-61.
Benedict XI, Pope Blessed - Elected unanimously, author of Scriptural commentaries, d. 1304.
Benedict XII, Pope - Third of the Avignon popes. (1334-1342)
Benedict XIII, Pope - Reigned 1724-1730.
Benedict XIV, Pope - Reigned 1740-58.
Benedictbeurn, Abbey of - Tradition, as well as manuscripts dating as far back as the tenth century, ascribe its foundation in the year 740, to three brothers of noble birth, named Lanfrid, Wulfram, and Eliland, acting under the influence of St. Boniface, who was then preaching the Faith in Bavaria.
Benedicti, Jean - A Franciscan theologian of the sixteenth century belonging to the Observantine Province of Tours and Poitiers.
Benedictine Order - Comprises monks living under the Rule of St. Benedict, and commonly known as "black monks".
Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament - Description of the basics of this popular devotion. Benediction is unusual in that it is a devotional practice partly governed by liturgical law.
Benedictional - A book containing a collection of benedictions or blessings in use in the Church.
Benedictus Polonus - A medieval Friar Minor missionary and traveller. (c. 1245)
Benedictus, The (Canticle of Zachary) - One of the three great canticles in the opening chapters of this Gospel, the other two being the Magnificat and Nunc dimittis.
Benefice - Popularly the term is often understood to denote either certain property destined for the support of ministers of religion, or a spiritual office or function, such as the care of souls.
Benefit of Clergy - The exemption from the jurisdiction of the secular courts, which in England, in the Middle Ages, was accorded to clergymen.
Benettis, Jeremiah - Friar Minor Capuchin and historical writer, d. in 1774.
Benevento, Archdiocese of - The principal city of the province of the same name in Campania.
Bengtsson, Jöns Oxenstjerna - Archbishop of Upsala, Sweden, b. 1417; d. in 1467.
Bengy, Anatole de - A martyr of the French Commune. (1824-1871)
Benignus of Dijon, Saint - Third-century martyr.
Benignus, Saint - Known as "Patrick's psalm-singer," Irish missionary, musician, bishop, legislator, d. 467.
Benin - Vicariate Apostolic on the coast of Benin.
Benjamin - The youngest son of Jacob born of Rachel.
Benkert, Franz Georg - German theologian and historical writer. (1790-1859)
Benno II - Bishop of Osnabrück.
Benoît, Michel - Born at Autun (or Dijon), France, 8 October, 1715; died at Peking, 23 October, 1774, a Jesuit scientist, for thirty years in the service of Kien Lung, Emperor of China.
Benthamism - Article on Jeremy Bentham, English jurist and reformer. Features biographical information and a short bibliography.
Bentivoglio, Family of - Originally from the castle of that name in the neighbourhood of Bologna, Italy. They claimed descent from Enzio (c. 1224-72), King of Sardinia, a natural son of Frederick II.
Bentley, John Francis - English architect. (1839-1902)
Bentney, William - An English Jesuit priest born in Cheshire, 1609; died 30 October, 1692.
Benziger, Joseph Charles - Founder of the Catholic publishing house that bears his name. (1762-1841)
Benzoni, Girolamo - Writer, born at Milan about 1519.
Berach, Saint - A disciple of St. Kevin. Abbot of Cluain Coirpthe, now called Kilbarry or Termonbarry in the saint's honor. St. Berach died in 595.
Berard of Carbio, Saint - Franciscan martyr, d. 1220.
Berardi, Carbo Sebastiano - Canonist. (1719-1768)
Berault-Bercastel, Antoine Henri de - A writer of church history, b. 22 November, 1720, at Briey, Lorraine; d. about 1794 at Noyon, France.
Bercharius, Saint - Abbot of Hautvillers, founder, stabbed to death by one of his monks in 696.
Bercheure, Pierre - French Benedictine. (1290-1362)
Berchtold, Blessed - Abbot of the Benedictine Monastery of Engelberg in Switzerland, died 1197.
Berengarius of Tours - Born at Tours about 999; died on the island of St. Cosme, near that city, in 1088.
Berenger, Pierre - A French writer who flourished about the middle of the twelfth century.
Berenice - A titular see of Egypt which was situated at the end of Major Syrtis where Bengazi stands today.
Bergamo - The city, called by the ancients Bergonum, is capital of the province of that name in Lombardy.
Bergen, Ancient See of - The diocese included the Provinces of Nordre and Sondre Bergenhus, and the district of Sondmor in the Province of Romsdal.
Bergier, Nicolas-Sylvestre - French theologian. (1715-1790)
Berington, Charles - Titular Bishop of Hiero-Caesarea, b. at Stock, Essex, England, 1748; d. 8 June, 1798.
Berington, Joseph - Catholic writer. (1743-1827)
Berisford, Humphrey - Confessor c. 1588.
Berissa - A titular see of Pontus Polemoniacus, in Asia Minor.
Beristain y Martin de Souza, José Mariano - Mexican bibliographer, b. in Puebla, Mexico, 22 May, 1756; d. at Mexico, 23 March, 1817.
Berlage, Anton - Dogmatic theologian. (1805-1881)
Berland, Pierre - Archbishop of Bordeaux. (1375-1457)
Berlanga, Fray Tomás de - Bishop of Panama, b. at Berlanga in Spain, date uncertain; d. there 8 August, 1551.
Berlin - Capital of the German Empire and of the Kingdom of Prussia.
Berlioz, Hector - French composer. (1803-1869)
Bernal, Agostino - Spanish theologian. (1587-1642)
Bernard, Alexis-Xyste - Bishop of St. Hyacinth.
Bernard, Claude - French physiologist. (1813-1878)
Bernard, Claude - French ecclesiastic. (1588-1641)
Bernard Guidonis - Bishop and Inquisitor. (1261-1331)
Bernard of Besse - Friar Minor and chronicler, a native of Aquitaine, date of birth uncertain.
Bernard of Bologna - Friar Minor Capuchin and Scotist theologian, born at Bologna, 17 December, 1701; died 19 February, 1768.
Bernard of Botone - Generally called Parmensis from his birthplace, Parma in Italy, a noted canonist of the thirteenth century.
Bernard of Clairvaux, Saint - Article on the life and works of this twelfth-century Cistercian and Doctor of the Church.
Bernard of Cluny - A Benedictine monk of the first half of the twelfth century, poet, satirist, and hymn-writer, author of "On the Contempt of the World".
Bernard of Compostella - A canonist of the early thirteenth century.
Bernard of Luxemburg - Dominican theologian, controversialist, and Inquisitor. (d. 1535)
Bernard of Menthon, Saint - Archdeacon of Aosta, preacher, founder of two hospices for travelers in dangerous Alpine passes (now named the Great St. Bernard and Little St. Bernard, after him), d. 1008.
Bernard of Pavia - Canonist and bishop. (d. 1213)
Bernard, Saint - Soldier, monk, abbot, Archbishop of Vienne, d. 842.
Bernard Tolomeo, Saint - Italian hermit, monastic founder, d. 1348.
Bernardine of Feltre, Blessed - Italian Franciscan missionary, died 1494. Of little note as an author. Best remembered for his monti di pietà, a type of charitable lender similar to pawnbrokers.
Bernardine of Fossa, Blessed - Italian Franciscan, missionary, historian, biographer, d. 1503.
Bernardine of Siena, Saint - Biography of the Franciscan missionary, reformer, popular preacher, peacemaker, called "the Apostle of Italy," who died in 1380.
Bernardines, The - Title of certain sisters of the order of Cîteaux who at the end of the sixteenth and in the seventeenth century, made energetic efforts to restore the primitive observance of their rule.
Berne - Article provides religious and historic information.
Berni, Francesco - An Italian comic poet, b. at Lamporecchio (Florence) 1497 or 1498; d. at Florence, 26 May, 1535.
Bernier, Etienne-Alexandre - French Bishop. (1762-1806)
Bernini, Domenico - Son of Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini.
Bernini, Giovanni Lorenzo - Italian architect and sculptor. (1598-1680)
Bernini, Giuseppe Maria - A Capuchin missionary and Orientalist, b. near Carignan in Piedmont; d. in Hindustan in 1753.
Bernis, François-Joachim-Pierre de - A French cardinal and statesman, b. 1715 at Saint-Marcel-d'Ardèche; d. at Rome, 1794.
Berno - Apostle of the Obotrites, in the latter half of the twelfth century.
Berno (Abbot of Reichenau) - Famous as orator, poet, philosopher, and musician, born (date unknown) at Prum near Trier; d. 7 June, 1048.
Bernold of Constance - Historian and theologian, b. in Swabia about 1054; d. at Schaffhausen, 16 September, 1100.
Bernward, Saint - Bishop of Hildesheim, d. 1022.
Beroea - A titular see of Macedonia, at the foot of Mount Bermios.
Berosus - The name of a native historian of Babylonia and a priest of the great god Bel (Bel-Marduk).
Beroth - A city in Chanaan, one of the confederation of cities under the headship of Gabaon.
Berrettini, Pietro - Italian painter, architect, and writer, b. at Cortona, in Tuscany, 1 November, 1596; d. at Rome, 16 May, 1669.
Berruguete, Alonso - For his mastery of the arts of painting, sculpture, and architecture, sometimes called the Spanish Michelangelo, b. at Paredes de Nava, in Castile, about 1480; d. at Toledo, 1561.
Berruyer, Isaac-Joseph - Entered the Society of Jesus in 1697. Wrote "A History of the People of God," published in three parts.
Berryer, Pierre-Antoine - French advocate, orator, and statesman. (1790-1868)
Bersabee - A town on the southern extremity of Palestine.
Bertha - Brief biographies of five holy women of this name: two saints; two beatae; and one Bertha who is commonly called a saint but there is no evidence of a cultus surrounding her.
Berthier, Guillaume-François - A Jesuit professor and writer, born at Issoudun, 1704; died at Bourges, 1782.
Berthold - Bishop, Apostle of the Livonians, killed 24 July, 1198, in a crusade against the pagan Livonians who threatened destruction to all Christians that lived in their territory.
Berthold of Chiemsee - German bishop and theological writer. (1465-1543)
Berthold of Henneberg - Archbishop and Elector of Mainz, b. 1441; d. 21 December, 1504.
Berthold of Ratisbon - Franciscan of the monastery of that city and the most powerful preacher of repentance in the thirteenth century, b. about 1210; d. at Ratisbon, 14 December, 1272.
Berthold of Reichenau - Benedictine monk and chronicler of the Abbey of Reichenau on the Lake of Constance; d. probably in 1088.
Berti, Giovanni Lorenzo - Italian theologian, b. 28 May, 1696, at Sarravezza, Tuscany; d. 26 March, 1766, at Pisa.
Bertin, Saint - Monk living under the Rule of St. Columban, missionary to the Morini, monastic founder, abbot of St. Omer, d. about 709.
Bertinoro - Anciently called Forum Truentinorum, and, at the time of the Gothic war, Petra Honorii, whence the present name, is a small city in Romagna, province of Forli, Italy.
Bertonio, Ludovico - Italian missionary. (1552-1625)
Bertrand, Pierre - Article covers a French Cardinal, theologian, and canonist, b. 1280 at Annonay in Vivarais, and a French cardinal, nephew of the foregoing, whose name he adopted, b. in 1279, at Colombier in Vivarais.
Bertulf, Saint - Converted to Christianity from paganism, entered the monastery of Luxeuil under the Rule of St. Columban, became abbot of Bobbio, was staunchly anti-Arian, d. 639 or 640.
Berulle, Pierre de - Cardinal, and founder of the French congregation of the Oratory. (1575-1629)
Bervanger, Martin de - A French priest, founder of charitable institutions. (1795-1865)
Besançon - Archdiocese coextensive with the departments of Doubs, Haute-Saône, and the district of Belfort.
Besange, Jerome Lamy, O.S.B - Born at Linz, 1726; died 1781.
Beschefer, Theodore - Jesuit missionary in Canada. (1630-1711)
Beschi, Costanzo Giuseppe - Though primarily a missionary, better know as one of the classical writers of Tamil literature. (1680-1746)
Beseleel - Describes two people known by this name.
Besoigne, Jérôme - A Jansenist writer, b. at Paris, 1686; d. 1763.
Besoldus, Christopher - A German jurist and publicist. (1577-1638)
Bessarion, Johannes - Article on this 15th-century Byzantine scholar, by U. Benigni.
Bessel, Johann Franz - Benedictine, abbot, and historian. (1672-1749)
Beste, Henry Digby - Miscellaneous author. (1768-1836)
Bestiaries - Medieval books on animals, in which the real or fabulous characteristics of actually existent or imaginary animals (such as the griffin, dragon, siren, unicorn, etc.) were figuratively treated as religious symbols of Christ, the devil, the virtues and vices.
Betanzos, Fray Domingo - A Dominican missionary, d. at Valladolid, Sept., 1549.
Betanzos, Fray Pedro de - A Franciscan missionary, b. at Betanzos in Galicia; d. at Chomez, Nicaragua, 1570.
Betanzos, Juan de - Composed the first catechism known in the Quichua language.
Bethany - A village of Palestine.
Bethany Beyond the Jordan - In the text of St. John's Gospel, i, 28, the author locates the event of Our Lord's baptism by St. John the Baptist at Bethany across the Jordan and there is herein a celebrated variant.
Betharan - A city of the Amorrhites in the valley-plain east of the Jordan.
Bethdagon - Name of two cities in Palestine.
Bethel - An ancient Cansanitish town.
Bethlehem - Titular see of Palestine.
Bethlehem - An architectural term used in the Ethiopic Church for the oven or bakehouse for baking the Korban or Eucharistic bread.
Bethlehem - Birthplace of Jesus.
Bethlehemites - Military and hospitaller orders.
Bethsaida - Details the city, pool, and titular see of this name.
Bethsan - A city within Issachar, but assigned to Manasses, later Scythopolis, now the village Beisan.
Bethulia - The city whose deliverance by Judith, when besieged by Holofernes, forms the subject of the Book of Judith.
Betrothal - In the Catholic Church, a deliberate and free, mutual, true promise, externally expressed, of future marriage between determinate and fit persons.
Bettiah - Prefecture Apostolic in northern India.
Betting - Defined as the backing of an affirmation or forecast by offering to forfeit, in case of an adverse issue, a sum of money or article of value to one who, by accepting, maintains the opposite and backs his opinion by a corresponding stipulation.
Beugnot, Auguste-Arthur, Count - French historian and statesman. (1797-1865)
Beuno, Saint - Welsh, said to have been educated at Bangor and, after ordination, to have become a missionary. Abbot of Clynnog, and uncle of St. Winifred. Died perhaps in 660.
Beverley Minster - A collegiate church at Beverley, capital of the East Riding of Yorkshire, served by a chapter of secular canons until the Reformation.
Beyerlinck, Lawrence - Belgian theologian and ecclesiastical writer. (1578-1627)
Bianchi, Giovanni Antonio - Friar Minor and theologian. (1686-1768)
Bianchini, Francesco - A student of the natural sciences, and historian. (1662-1729)
Bianchini, Giuseppe - Italian Oratorian, Biblical, historical, and liturgical scholar. (1704-1764)
Bianconi, Charles - Merchant and philanthropist. (1785-1875)
Biard, Pierre - Jesuit missionary, born at Grenoble, France, 1576; died at Avignon, 17 November, 1622.
Bibbiena - Bernardo Dovizi, an Italian Cardinal and comedy-writer, known best by the name of the town Bibbiena, where he was born 4 Aug., 1470; d. at Rome, 9 Nov., 1520.
Bibiana, Saint - Female Roman martyr, d. 483 at the latest. Also called Vibiana.
Bible Societies - Established for the purpose of publishing and propagating the Bible in all parts of the world.
Bible, The - A collection of writings recognized as inspired.
Bibles, Picture - In the Middle Ages the Church made use of pictures as a means of instruction, to supplement the knowledge acquired by reading or oral teaching.
Biblia Pauperum - A collection of pictures representing scenes from Jesus' life with the corresponding prophetic types.
Biblical Antiquities - Details domestic, political, and sacred antiquities.
Biblical Commission, The - A committee of cardinals at Rome who, with the assistance of consultors, have to secure the observance of the prescriptions contained in the Encyclical "Providentissimus Deus" for the proper interpretation and defence of Sacred Scripture.
Bickell, Gustav - Orientalist. (1838-1906)
Bicknor, Alexander - Archbishop of Dublin, date of birth unknown; d. 1349.
Bidermann, James - Poet and theologian. (1578-1639)
Biel, Gabriel - Lengthy article on the last of the Scholastics. Biel, the first professor of theology at Tübingen, was a nominalist. He died in 1495.
Biella - The city of Biella, the see of the diocese of that name, is an important industrial centre (anciently called Bugelia) of Piedmont, Italy, in the province of Novara.
Bielski, Marcin - Polish chronicler. (1495-1575)
Bienville, Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne, Sieur de - French Governor of Louisiana and founder of New Orleans. (1680-1767)
Bigamy (in Canon Law) - Canonically viewed, bigamy denotes (a) the condition of a man married to two real or interpretative wives in succession, and as a consequence (b) his unfitness to receive, or exercise after reception, tonsure, minor and sacred orders.
Bigamy (in Civil Law) - In civil jurisprudence, and especially in criminal law, is a "formal entering into of a marriage while a former one remains un-dissolved".
Bigne, Marguerin de la - French theologian and patrologist, b. about 1546 at Bernières-le-Patry, Normandy; d. about 1595.
Billick, Eberhard - German theologian, opponent of the Reformation, born 1499 or 1500 at Cologne; died there 12 January, 1557.
Billy, Jacques de - French patristic scholar, theologian, jurist, linguist, and a Benedictine abbot. (1535-1581)
Bilocation - Latin bis, twice, and locatio, place.
Bination - The offering up of the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass twice on the same day by the same celebrant.
Biner, Joseph - Canonist, historian, and theologian. (1697-1766)
Binet, Etienne - Jesuit author, born at Dijon, France, 1569; died at Paris, 1639.
Binet, Jacques-Philippe-Marie - French mathematician and astronomer. (1786-1856)
Binius, Severin - Historian and critic. (1573-1641)
Binterim, Anton Joseph - A theologian of repute and for fifty years parish priest of Bilk. (1779-1855)
Biogenesis and Abiogenesis - According to their Greek derivation these two terms refer to the origin of life.
Biology - The science on life and living organisms.
Biondo, Flavio - Italian archæologist and historian. (1388-1463)
Biot, Jean-Baptiste - Physicist and mathematician. (1774-1862)
Birds (in Symbolism) - The dove, eagle, pelican, phoenix, and peacock are included.
Biretta - A square cap with three ridges or peaks on its upper surface, worn by clerics of all grades from cardinals downwards.
Birinus (Berin), Saint - Confessor, first Bishop of Dorchester, Apostle of Wessex, d. 650.
Birkowski, Fabian - Polish preacher, b. at Lemberg, 1566; d. at Cracow, 1636.
Birmingham - One of the thirteen dioceses erected by the Apostolic Letter of Pius IX, 27 September, 1850, which restored a hierarchy to the Catholic church in England.
Birnbaum, Heinrich - Carthusian monk, b. in 1403; d. 19 February, 1473.
Birth, The Defect of - Illegitimacy, a canonical impediment to ordination.
Birtha - A titular see of Osrhaene.
Bisarchio, Diocese of - Situated in Sardinia, in the province of Sassari, district of Nuoro, and suffragan to the Archdiocese of Sassari.
Bishop - The title of an ecclesiastical dignitary who possesses the fullness of the priesthood to rule a diocese as its chief pastor, in due submission to the primacy of the pope.
Bishop, William - The first superior in England in episcopal orders since the old hierarchy died out in the reign of Elizabeth, born c. 1553 at Brailes in Warwickshire, where his family continued to reside until recent times; d. 16 April, 1624.
Bismarck, Diocese of - In North Dakota, this diocese was erected on 31 December, 1909, and is suffragan to the Archdiocese of St. Paul, Minnesota.
Bisomus - A tomb large enough to contain two bodies.
Black Fast, The - This form of fasting, the most rigorous in the history of church legislation, was marked by austerity regarding the quantity and quality of food permitted on fasting days as well as the time wherein such food might be legitimately taken.
Blackburne, Robert - An English Catholic who suffered imprisonment in the closing years of the seventeenth, and during the earlier half of the eighteenth, centuries; died in 1748.
Blackfoot Indians - An important tribe of the Northern Plains, constituting the westernmost extension of the great Algonquian stock.
Blackwood, Adam - Author, b. at Dunfermline, Scotland, 1539; d. 1613.
Blaise, Saint - Bishop of Sebaste, martyr, d. about 316.
Blanc, Anthony - Fifth Bishop, and first Archbishop, of New Orleans, La., U.S.A. (1792-1860)
Blanchard, Jean-Baptiste - French Jesuit and educator. (1731-1797)
Blanchet, Augustin Magloire - Brother of François Norbert Blanchet, first Bishop of Walla Walla-Nesqually, State of Washington, U.S.A. (1797-1887)
Blanchet, Franç Norbert - Missionary and first Archbishop of Oregon City, U.S.A. (1795-1883)
Blandina, Saint - Virgin and martyr, d. at Lyons in 177.
Blane, Saint - Nephew of St. Cathan. Blane studied in Ireland under SS. Comgall and Kenneth, became a monk, went to Scotland, became a bishop of the Picts, died 590.
Blasphemy - Signifies etymologically gross irreverence towards any person or thing worthy of exalted esteem.
Blastares, Matthew - A monk of the Order of St. Basil, living in the fourteenth century, who applied himself to the study of theology and canon law.
Blathmac, Saint - Irish monk, martyred at Iona in about 835. In Latinized form, he is sometimes called Florentius. His life was written in Latin hexameter by Strabo.
Blemmida, Nicephorus - A learned monk and writer of the Green Church, b. about 1198, at Constantinople; d. 1272.
Blenkinsop - Details of four people with this name.
Blessed Sacrament, Sisters of the - Founded in 1889 by Katharine Drexel.
Blessed, The - Beatification is a permission for public worship restricted to certain places and to certain acts.
Blessing - Aspects discussed are, I. Antiquity; II. Minister; III. Objects; IV. Efficacy; and V. Rite employed in administering.
Blessing, Apostolic - The popes very often delegated to others the power to give this blessing in answer to petitions from princes, at the close of missions, and on such occasions.
Blois - Coextensive with the civil department of Loir-et-Cher and a suffragan of Paris.
Blomevenna, Peter - Carthusian, b. at Leyden, in Holland in 1466; d. 30 September, 1536.
Blood Indians - A group of North American aborigines forming part of the Blackfeet Tribe, which, with the Apapahoes and Cheyennes, constitute the Western division of the Algonquin family.
Blosius, François-Louis - A Benedictine abbot and spiritual writer, born at Donstienne, near Liège, Flanders, 1506; died at Liessies, 1566.
Blyssen, Heinrich - Principal work, "De uno geminoque sacrae eucharistiae synaxeos salubriter percipiendae ritu ac usu" was published (Ingolstadt, 1585) when he was provincial of Austria.
Blyth, Francis - English Carmelite, reviser of the Douay Bible, born c. 1705; d. in London, 11 December 1772.
Bobadilla, Nicolaus - The last survivor of the seven first companions of Ignatius of Loyola. (1511-1590)
Bobbio, Abbey and Diocese of - Suffragan to the Archiepiscopal See of Genoa.
Boccaccino - Italian painter, b. at Cremona, 1460, and d. probably in 1525 rather than in 1518, the date usually given.
Boccaccio, Giovanni - Biography and overview of the author's major works.
Bocking, Edward - English Benedictine, b. of East Anglian parentage, end of fifteenth century; d. 20 April, 1534.
Bodin, Jean - Article by Georges Goyau. Notes the philosopher's relation to the political and religious order of his time.
Bodone - A titular see of Albania.
Boece, Hector - Chronicler and one of the founders of the University of Aberdeen, b. at Dundee c. 1465; d. 1536.
Boecken, Placidus - A German Benedictine, canonist, and Vice-Chancellor of the University of Salzburg. (1690-1752)
Boerglum, Ancient See of - In Denmark, included the ancient districts of Vendsyssel and Thy.
Boeri, Petrus - A french benedictine canonist and bishop, b. during the first quarter of the fourteenth century at Laredorte.
Boethius, Anicius Manlius Severinus - Article with a focus on Boethius as a theologian.
Bogotá - Capital of the republic of Colombia.
Bohemia - Crown province of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, which until 1526 was an independent kingdom.
Bohemian Brethren - "Bohemian Brethren" and "Moravian Brethren" are the current popular designation of the Unitas Fratrum founded in Bohemia in 1457, renewed by Count Zinzendorf in 1722.
Bohemians of the United States - Religious dissensions at the beginning of the seventeenth century induced many to leave their native country and cross the ocean.
Boiano - Diocese in the province of Benevento, Italy, suffragan to the Archbishopric of Benevento.
Boiardo, Matteo Maria - An Italian poet, b. about 1434, at, or near, Scandiano (Reggio-Emilia); d. at Reggio, 20 December, 1494.
Boileau-Despréaux, Nicholas - French poet. (1636-1711)
Boise - Diocese created by Leo XIII, 25 August, 1893.
Boisgelin, Jean de Dieu-Raymond de Cucé de - French prelate and cardinal. (1732-1804)
Boisil, Saint - Abbot of Melrose, renowned for prophetic gifts, taught St. Cuthbert. St. Boisil died in 664.
Bois-le-Duc - Diocese lies within the Dutch province of Brabant, and is suffragan to Utrecht.
Bokenham, Osbern - English Augustinian friar and poet, b. 1393, d. probably in 1447.
Bolanden, Conrad von - A German novelist, son of a rich merchant, b. 9 August, 1828, at Niedergeilbach, a village of the Palatinate.
Bolgeni, Giovanni Vincenzo - Theologian and controversialist. (1733-1811)
Bolivia - Includes history, geography, education, church, and government information.
Bollandists, The - An association of ecclesiastical scholars engaged in editing the Acta Sanctorum.
Bollig, Johann - Orientalist, born near Düren in Rhenish Prusia 23 August, 1821; died at Rome in 1895.
Bologna - The principal city in the province of the same name, Italy.
Bologna, Giovanni da - Flemish Renaissance sculptor, b. at Douai, in Flanders, about 1524; d. at Florence in 1608.
Bologna, University of - A tradition of the thirteenth century attributed the foundation of this university to Theodosius II (433); but this legend is now generally rejected.
Bolsec, Jérôme-Hermès - A theologian and physician, b. probably at Paris, date unknown; d. at Lyons c. 1584.
Bolton, Edmund - Historian, antiquary, and poet, born c. 1575; died c. 1633.
Bolzano, Bernhard - Austrian mathematician and philosopher, b. at Prague, 5 October, 1781; d. 18 December, 1848.
Bombay - The Archdiocese of Bombay comprises the Island of Bombay with several outlying churches in the neighbouring Island of Salsette.
Bommel, Cornelius Richard Anton van - Bishop of Liège, born at Leyden, in Holland on 5 April, 1790; died 7 April 1852.
Bon Secours, Institutes of - Congregations of nursing sisters whose object is to take care of both rich and poor patients in their own homes.
Bona, Giovanni - Cardinal and author. (1609-1674)
Bona Mors Confraternity, The - Founded 1648, in the Church of the Gesu, by Father Vincent Carrafa, seventh General of the Society of Jesus, and approved by the Sovereign Pontiffs Innocent X and Alexander VII.
Bonagratia of Bergamo - Friar Minor, theologian, and canonist, date of birth unknown; d. at Munich, 1343.
Bonal, François de - Bishop of Clermont, b. 1734 at the castle of Bonal, near Agen; d. at Munich, 1800.
Bonal, Raymond - French theologian and founder of the Congregation of the Priests of St. Mary.
Bonald, Louis-Gabriel-Ambroise, Vicompte de - French statesman, writer, and philosopher. (1754-1840)
Bonald, Louis-Jacques-Maurice de - Cardinal, b. at Millau, in Rouergue, 30 October, 1787, d. at Lyons, 25 Feb., 1870.
Bonaparte, Charles-Lucien-Jules-Laurent - Prince of Canino and Musignano, and ornithologist. (1803-1857)
Bonaventure, Saint - Biobibliographical essay on the Franciscan theologian and Doctor of the Church, d. 1274.
Boncompagni, Balthasar - Italian mathematician. (1821-1894)
Bonet, Juan Pablo - Spanish priest and one of the first to give attention to the education of the deaf and dumb, b. towards the end of the sixteenth century.
Bonet, Nicholas - Friar Minor, theologian, and missionary, date of birth uncertain; d. 1360.
Bonfrère, Jacques - Biblical scholar, born at Dinant, Belgium, 12 April, 1573; died at Tournai, 9 May, 1642.
Boni Homines - This name was popularly given to at least three religious orders in the Church.
Boniface Association - The object of the association is to maintain what the Catholic church possesses in those regions where Catholics are few in number, to found and support missions and schools, and to erect churches, parish-houses, and schools for Catholics in the Protestant parts of Germany.
Boniface I, Pope Saint - Consecrated the same day as the antipope Eulalius. Both were ordered to leave Rome. Eulalius took over St. John Lateran on Holy Saturday, after which the emperor refused to consider his claim. Boniface died in 422.
Boniface II, Pope - Elected 17 September, 530; died October, 532.
Boniface III, Pope - Roman elected to succeed Sabinian after an interregnum of nearly a year; he was consecrated 19 February, 607; d. 12 November of the same year.
Boniface IV, Pope Saint - Transformed the Pantheon into a Christian church, died in 615.
Boniface IX, Pope - Elected at Rome, 2 November, 1389, as successor of the Roman Pope, Urban VI; d. there, 1 October, 1404.
Boniface of Savoy - Forty-sixth Archbishop of Canterbury and son of Thomas, Count of Savoy, date of birth uncertain; d. in Savoy, 14 July, 1270.
Boniface, Saint - Born Winfrid, a native of England, Benedictine monk, the Apostle of Germany, martyred in 755.
Boniface V, Pope - A Neapolitan who succeeded Deusdedit after a vacancy of more than a year; consecrated 23 December, 619.
Boniface VI, Pope - A Roman, elected in 896 by the Roman faction in a popular tumult, to succeed Formosus.
Boniface VII, Antipope - Roman and son of Ferrucius; was intruded into the Chair of St. Peter in 974; reinstalled 984; died July, 985.
Boniface VIII, Pope - Born at Anagni about 1235; died at Rome, 11 October, 1303.
Bonizo of Sutri - Bishop of Sutri in Central Italy, in the eleventh century.
Bonn, University of - An academy founded at Bonn in 1777 by Max Friedrich, Prince-Archbishop of Cologne.
Bonnechose, Henri-Marie-Gaston Boisnormand de - Cardinal and senator, b. at Paris, 1800; d. 1883.
Bonne-Espérance, The Abbey of - Situated near Binche, province of Hainault, Diocese of Tournai, Belgium.
Bonner, Edmund - Bishop of London, b. about 1500; d. 1569.
Bonnetty, Augustin - French writer, b. at Entrevaux 9 May, 1798, d. at Paris, 26 March, 1879.
Bonosus - Bishop of Sardica, a heretic in the latter part of the fourth century.
Bonvicino, Alessandro - Italian painter of the sixteenth century, born at Brescia about 1498; died at the same place, 1555.
Book of Common Prayer - Includes history and contents.
Book of Martyrs, Foxe's - Protestant martyrology, from Wyclif to Cranmer, illustrated with woodcuts. The author was a controversialist sympathetic to John Knox.
Bordeaux - Archdiocese; comprises the entire department of the Gironde and was established conformably to the Concordat of 1802.
Bordeaux, University of - Founded during the English domination, under King Henry VI, in 1441.
Bordone, Cavaliere Paris - Painter of the Venetian school. (1500-1570)
Boré, Eugène - French Orientalist. (1809-1878)
Borgess, Caspar Henry - Third Bishop of Detroit, Michigan. (1824-1890)
Borgia, Stefano - Italian cardinal, theologian, antiquarian, and historian. (1731-1804)
Borgo San-Donnino - Diocese in the province of Parma, Italy.
Borgo San-Sepolcro - Diocese situated in the province of Arezzo, Tuscany, Italy.
Borgognone, Ambrogio - Italian painter and architect, b. Milan, c. 1455, d. at Milan, 1523.
Borneo - Includes history of Dutch and British rule.
Borras, Francisco Nicolás - Spanish painter, born at Cocentaina, 1530; died at Gandia, 1610.
Borromeo, Andrea - An Italian missionary, born on the first half of the seventeenth century, at or near Milan; died in 1683.
Borromeo, Federico - Cardinal and Archbishop of Milan, cousin and successor of St. Charles Borromeo. (1564-1631)
Borromeo, Society of Saint Charles - A German Catholic association for the encouragement and diffusion of edifying, instructive, and entertaining literature.
Borromini, Francesco - Architect and sculptor; born 25 September, 1599, at Bissone; died by his own hand 1 August, 1667, at Rome.
Borrus, Christopher - Missionary, mathematician, and astronomer. (1583-1632)
Bosa, Diocese of - In the province of Cagliari.
Bosch, Peter van der - Bollandist, born at Brussels, 19 October, 1686; died 14 November, 1736.
Boscovich, Ruggiero Giuseppe - Detailed article by Adolf Muller on the Jesuit mathematician and philosopher.
Bosio, Antonio - Known as "The Columbus of the Catacombs", b. in the island of Malta about the year 1576; d. 1629.
Bosnia and Herzegovina - Together, form the north-western corner of the Balkan Peninsula.
Boso - First Bishop of Merseburg, in the present Prussian Province of Saxony, and Apostle of the Wends, d. November, 970.
Boso (Breakspear) - Third English Cardinal, date of birth uncertain, d. at Rome, about 1181.
Bossu, Jacques le - French theologian and Doctor of the Sorbonne, born at Paris 1546; died at Rome 1626.
Bossuet, Jacques-Bénigne - French bishop and orator. (1627-1704)
Boston - Archdiocese; comprises Essex, Middlesex, Suffolk, Norfolk, and Plymouth counties in the State of Massachusetts, U.S.A.
Bostra - Titular see of Syria.
Bothrys - A titular see situated in Phoenicia.
Botticelli, Sandro - Florentine painter. (1447-1510)
Botulph, Saint - Or Botolph. Founder and abbot of Icanhoe, d. about 680.
Boturini Benaducci, Lorenzo - Native of Milan who went to Mexico in 1736 by permission of the Spanish government and remained there eight years, familiarizing himself with the Nahuatl or Mexican language.
Boucher, Pierre - Born at Lagny, a village near Mortagne in the Perche, France, 1622, died at Boucherville, 1717.
Bougaud, Louis-Victor-Emile - Bishop of Laval in France. (1823-1888)
Bougeant, Guillaume-Hyacinthe - French Jesuit. (1690-1743)
Bouhours, Dominique - French Jesuit author. (1632-1702)
Bouillart, Jacques - Benedictine monk of the Congregation of St. Maur. (1669-1726)
Bouillon, Cardinal de - French prelate and diplomat. (1643-1715)
Bouix, Marie Dominique - French canonists. (1808-1870)
Boulainvilliers, Henri, Count of - One of the first French historians to write the history of the institutions or fundamental laws of the nation. (1658-1722)
Boulanger, André de - French monk and preacher, b. at Paris in 1578; d. 27 September, 1657.
Boulay, César-Egasse du - French historian, b. in the beginning of the seventeenth century at Saint-Ellier; d. 16 October, 1678.
Boulogne, Etienne-Antoine - French bishop, b. at Avignon, 26 December 1747; d. at Troyes, 13 March, 1825.
Bouquet, Martin - Benedictine of the Congregation of St.-Maur. (1685-1754)
Bouquillon, Thomas - Belgian theologian and professor of moral theology in the Catholic University of America. (1840-1902)
Bourassé, Jean-Jacques - Archæologist and historian. (1813-1872)
Bourchier, Thomas - Cardinal, born 1406; died 1486.
Bourdaloue, Louis - French Jesuit preacher. (1632-1704)
Bourdeilles, Hélie de - Archbishop of Tours and Cardinal, b., probably, towards 1323; d. 5 July, 1484.
Bourdon, Jean - First engineer-in-chief and land-surveyor in the colony of New France, and the first attorney-general of the Conseil Superieur. (1612-1668)
Bourgade, François - French missionary and philosopher. (1806-1866)
Bourges - Coextensive with the departments of Cher and Indre.
Bourget, Ignace - First Bishop of Montreal and titular Archbishop of Martianopolis. (1799-1885)
Bourgoing, François - Third Superior general of the Congregation of the Oratory in France and one of the en early companions of Cardinal de BÈrulle, the founder of the French Oratorians. (1585-1662)
Bourke, Ulick Joseph - Irish scholar and writer. (1829-1887)
Bourne, Gilbert - Last Catholic Bishop of Bath and Wells, England, son of Philip Bourne of Worcestershire, date of birth unknown; d. 10 Sept., 1569.
Bouvens, Charles de - French pulpit orator, b. at Bourg in 1750; d. in 1830.
Bouvet, Joachim - Jesuit missionary. (d. 1732)
Bouvier, Jean-Baptiste - Bishop of Le Mans, theologian. (1783-1854)
Bova - Situated in the civil province of Reggio,in Calabria, Italy, suffragan to the Archdiocese of Reggio.
Bovino - Diocese in the province of Foggia, Italy, suffragan to the Archdiocese of Benevento.
Bowyer, Sir George - Baronet, English writer on jurisprudence, as well as a prominent defender of the Holy See and of Catholic interests in general. (1811-1883)
Boy-Bishop - The custom of electing a boy-bishop on the feast of St. Nicholas dates from very early times, and was in vogue in most Catholic countries, but chiefly in England.
Boyce, John - Novelist, lecturer, and priest, well known under the assumed name of "Paul Peppergrass". (1810-1864)
Boycotting - Practice named after Captain Boycott, against whom this form of ostracism had great effect.
Boyle Abbey - Irish Cistercian house.
Bracken, Thomas - Poet, journalist, politician. (1843-1898)
Bracton, Henry de - English juridical writer, born probably in King John's reign and died about four years before the close of that of Henry III.
Bradley, Denis Mary - First Bishop of Manchester, New Hampshire, U.S.A. (1846-1903)
Bradshaigh, Edward - An English Carmelite friar known in religion as Elias à Jesu; b. in Lancashire, England, early in the seventeenth century; d. at Benfold, 25 September, 1652.
Bradshaw, Henry - English Benedictine and poet, b. in the City of Chester, England, date unknown; d. 1513.
Brady, William Maziere - Ecclesiastical writer, b. in Dublin, 8 January, 1825; d. in Rome, 19 March, 1894.
Braga, Archdiocese of - Situated between the rivers Este and Cavado, in the province of Minho, in the Kingdom of Portugal.
Braga, Councils of - Offers details of several councils held here.
Bragança-Miranda, Diocese of - Situated in the northeastern part of the Kingdom of Portugal, in the civil province of Tras-os-Montes.
Brahminism - Religion and social system which grew out of the polytheistic nature-worship of the ancient Aryan conquerors of northern India.
Braille, Louis - French educator and inventorof the system of writing in raised or relief points for the blind. (1809-1852)
Bralion, Nicolas de - French Oratorian and ecclesiastical writer, born at Chars-en-Vexin, France, c. 1600; died at Paris, 11 May 1672.
Bramante, Donato - Italian architect and painter, b. about 1444 at Monte Asdrualdo; d. in Rome, 11 March, 1514.
Brancaccio - An ancient and illustrious Neapolitan family, from which the "Brancas" of France were descended.
Brancati di Lauria, Francesco Lorenzo - Cardinal, Minor conventual, and theologian. (1612-1693)
Brancati, Francesco - Jesuit missionary to China. (1607-1671)
Branch Sunday - One of the medieval English names for Palm Sunday.
Brandenburg - Formerly an electoral principality, and a diocese in the heart of the present Kingdom of Prussia.
Branly, Edouard - Nineteenth century French physicist.
Brant, Sebastian - Short biography of the German humanist and poet.
Brantôme, Seigneur de Bourdeille, Pierre de - French writer of memoirs, b. in 1539, or a little later; d. 15 July, 1614.
Brasses, Memorial - Earliest existing dated examples are of the thirteenth century.
Brasseur de Bourbourg, Charles Etienne, Abbé - Born at Bourbourg, France, 1814; died at Nice in January, 1874.
Brassicanus, Johann Alexander - German humanist, born probably at Cannstatt, 1500; died at Vienna, 25 November, 1539.
Brassicanus, Johann Ludwig - Younger brother of Johann Alexander, went to Vienna with his brother in 1524 and likewise won distinction both as a philologist and jurist.
Braulio, Saint - Bishop of Saragossa, hagiographer, friend of St. Isidore of Seville. St. Braulio died in about 651.
Braun, Placidus - Bavarian historian. (1756-1829)
Braunschweig - A duchy situated in the mountainous central part of Northern Germany, comprising the region of the Harz mountains.
Bravo, Francisco - As far as known, author of the first book on medicine printed in America.
Brazil - Information includes history, religion, climate, education, and economy.
Bread, Liturgical Use of - In the Christian liturgy bread i

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